Answer the questions:
The table shows the base composition of genetic material from ten sources.
A) Deduce the type of genetic material used by
Cattle
E.coli
Influenza viruses
B) Suggest a reason for the difference between Cattle thymus gland, Spleen and sperm in the measurements of their base composition.
C) – Explain the reasons for the total amount of adenine plus guanine being close to 50% in the genetic material of many of the species in the table.
_ Identify two other trends in the base composition of the species that have 50% adenine and guanine.
D) _ Identify a species shown in the table that does not follow the trends in base composition described in C)
_ Explain the reasons for the base composition of this species being different.
Answers
A) Deduce the type of genetic material used by
Cattle, The material used by cattle is DNA, because it doesn´t use Uracil and it isn’t a virus.
E.coli, The material used by E.coli is DNA, because it doesn´t use Uracil and it isn’t a virus.
Influenza viruses, The material used by the influenza viruses is RNA because it doesn´t use thymine and in this case the source it’s a virus.
B) Suggest a reason for the difference between Cattle thymus gland, Spleen and sperm in the measurements of their base composition.
The most possible option is that some of the nitrogenous bases were located in wrong places, so when they were going to give the following processes, these were coded incorrectly, causing the data inaccurate.
The difference is that a specific sequence of nitrogenous bases shows the difference in the genetic information of an individual. Phosphate and five-carbon sugar always remain the same, while the bases determining the hereditary information of each individual.
Therefore, each type Cattle may look like another, but in functional terms have their respective differences. Therefore, the genetic information of each Cattle must be different according to their function. And that difference makes the proportion of each nitrogenous base with its own complement of DNA molecules tasting type of Cattle.
C) – Explain the reasons for the total amount of adenine plus guanine being close to 50% in the genetic material of many of the species in the table.
The proportion of guanine and adenine is close to half of the genetic material, it differs in that, functionally, many of these cells previously mentioned, have a common feature, a similar function, structure or similar composition, indicating that repetitions of their bases and their proportion of the genetic material are proportional, nearly equal or equal.
_ Identify two other trends in the base composition of the species that have 50% adenine and guanine.
The amount of adenine is always greater than that of guanine. Also, as the proportion of guanine and adenine added is about 50%, the combined amount of thymine and cytosine must be equal to about 50%. And at this rate, the amount of thymine is always greater than that of cytosine. Therefore, we can conclude a trend of higher proportion of purines than pyrimidines in the respective genetic material of these cells, suggesting a similar feature in them (which may well be structural or functional composition).
D) _ Identify a species shown in the table that does not follow the trends in base composition described in C)
The different is the influenza virus.
_ Explain the reasons for the base composition of this species being different.
It is a virus, which primarily suggests a type genetic material RNA, which distinguishes it from other species, but without thymine Uracil. In addition, the virus has a composition, structure and functions are different from other species, so you need a different base sequence, and a proportion of them also different base composition of other species (that handle structures, compositions and functions similar to each other but different from that of the virus).
